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The nipper teeth can be missing from 1) never being there, 2) the cap is gone and the permanent tooth has not erupted yet, 3) trauma, and 4) extraction.

Most people don’t “think” about feeding water – they just do it.  Water, along with air, is more important than food as removing either will bring death within a minute to a few days

The mating behavior of horses is based on one stallion per herd of mares. In addition, the mares start cycling with increasing daylight (spring) and stop cycling as daylight decreases (fall).

Foals are born with a lot of hair that falls off during the spring and summer months. Recognizing this as a natural process will alleviate anxiety in a new foal owner.

Accumulation of saliva with feed is very common on the canines but not that common on incisors.

Also known as Fistulous Withers, an infection of the withers area can be stubborn and painful.

Uneven (Sheared) Heels In Horses

The red sack foal delivery is really the premature separation of the foal’s placenta from the lining of the uterus. This diminishes the flow of blood to the unborn foal causing a lack of oxygen to the…

In every mammal, the baby nurses from the mother. In horses, it is an orchestrated event with fine points that amaze me still. How can an hours-old baby get up and walk and then find a spot underneath the…

Some deciduous incisors hang on longer than they should.

Uneven Hoof Wear In Horses

I see weight control as two issues in horses.  Either the horse remains underweight no matter how much they are fed or the horse remains overweight no matter how much restriction is applied to the diet.  Weight…

Valgus And Varus Angular Limb Deformities In Horses

The purpose of the testicles is to make and store sperm as they mature from infertile immature sperm formed in the testicle and move up the epididymis into the secondary reproductive organs where the semen…

Foals at some point transition from nursing mother’s milk to eating solid food. This is normal but sometimes some problems can occur.