Blood coming out of the nostrils can originate anywhere in the respiratory tract from the nostrils to the lungs.

This was thought to be a benign tumor (abnormal growth) of an incisor. It was extracted and shown to be a deciduous incisor that was malformed (the definition of a tumor).

A YouTube visitor asks me several questions about incisors and theories of equine dentistry.

Small red spots on the gums and mucous membranes behind the lips indicates inflammation of the blood vessels in the horse causing them to leak small patches of blood into the surrounding tissue.

Aspiration pneumonia is when a foreign material enters the lungs and sets up inflammation and infection.

On occasion, a growth occurs within the mouth that is benign and just a passing observation. Rarely do they affect the horse unlest they enlarge and cause either pain or restrict the chewing movement.

Small, raised scabs on the back of a horse have a bacteria causing the lesion. The treatments recommended usually don’t cover the cause.

Overbite In Horses

The wilted red maple leaf (not the falling leaf in autumn) can destroy the kidneys of horses leading to renal failure and death.

Parrot mouth only affects the relationship of the incisors to each other where the upper incisors are more forward than the lower incisors and completely miss on occlusion. The cheek teeth are not affected.

Fungal infections can affect the skin of the horse and is contagious between horses and humans. There is usually an immunosuppression factor involved.

Sow mouth only affects the relationship of the incisors to each other where the lower incisors are more forward than the upper incisors and completely miss on occlusion. The cheek teeth are not affected.

Dermatitis, or inflammation of the skin, on the back side of the pastern can become severe in some horses. The usual treatments do not address the cause.

The use of the speculum is common in equine dentistry. There are reports of damage to the horse caused by them and this is one of those cases.

The sheath is at the farthest point from the heart and damage to the blood flow in castrated males can sometimes prevent the normal flow of blood leading to swelling (edema) of the sheath.