[Wren]

I know you’re too busy to “grade” my notes from the call…but if you scan them and see anything incorrect, please let me know.

Corrections and additions in GREEN

Horses Advocate

6/6/24 Notes

· 2 sugars—glucose and fructose

· Starch is stored fuel. Horses eat starch, and then it’s broken into molecules of glucose.

· Most insulin binds glucose, and it goes to muscle or glycogen—fuel for mitochondria. (Insulin binds most of the glucose, and it goes to muscle and liver, forming glycogen—one of the fuels for mitochondria.)

· Cellulose—stored in cells & fuel for glucose stored in muscle cell until needed. made in plants from starch and digested by horses in their hindgut into fat (short-chain fatty acids).

· Brain loves glucose. It goes from liver to brain—with insulin & without insulin. using insulin-dependent and independent paths.

· The hypothalamus needs insulin.  in the brain gets its glucose from insulin-dependent pathways.

· When things go wrong, fructose disturbs the process & body uses fructose not attached to insulin. fructose disturbs the process through insulin resistance, then the body uses fructose not attached to insulin but then forms uric acid that damages the mitochondria. 

· Uric acid causes free radicals to come out and the cell dies form, and the cell struggles from low energy, eventually dying.

· All excess fructose is sugar makes uric acid. In normal amounts, this causes several protective events to help all animals survive, including the addition of body fat (fuel and water storage), increasing blood pressure (helps to preserve life in stress), and low-grade inflammation (in advance of any infections).  In excess and over time, it damages the body, creating obesity, hypertension, and chronic, debilitating inflammation.

· Hay is high in fructose when cut May-July. Other factors—time and temperature of cutting, drying time, etc.

· Fructose in hay fed every day of the year in excess of caloric needs causes cells not to function as designed and the body stores as fat.

· Fat is fuel for lean times (winter) and also stores water (desert animals).

· Factors for added fructose—when made from glucose, dehydration & uric acid. through the polyol pathway: 

• Dehydration (lack of water or excess salt intake)
• Excess intake of high-glycemic carbohydrates (all grains)
• Umami foods such as yeast and yeast products found in commercial feeds

· Uric acid causes inflammation of kidneys, gout in humans, insulin resistance, high blood pressure, brain dysfunction (Alzheimer’s, aggression, addiction, and other disorders), feeds cancer cells, and develops chronic inflammation diseases.

· Fructose is also triggered by too many simple carbs (grains).

· Carbs=Glucose=Fructose=sucrose=starch

· Fructose=Fructans = stored fructose in plants

MAIN POINT >> Fructose is added from foods and also produced by the body (polyol pathway).

Thanks so much! I’m really trying to get this! Wren’s person, Linda.

THA Friends-you are welcome to add or correct, also.

EVERYONE – more to come in the next few podcasts!!

[Wren]

Thanks so much…so sorry for all the corrections 🙁

Linda